Cleveland Federal Reserve President Beth Hammack said interest rates need to be higher because inflation is “too high” and price pressures have broadened beyond isolated categories. She described financial conditions as neutral and said achieving the Fed’s 2% inflation goal will take time, after the central bank has missed that target for five and a half years. Hammack pointed to trend inflation in the mid-to-high 2% range, while arguing that sustained growth alongside broad inflation implies the case for tighter monetary policy. She also cited strong demand, including demand-side pressures linked to AI, and said these forces are not self-correcting.
Policy Approach And Risks
Hammack said she favours smaller policy rate changes, paired with relatively quick action, to reduce risks, and warned about an inflationary mindset becoming embedded. She said the Fed should not assume inflation expectations are anchored, pointing to firms planning price increases beyond input-cost rises.
Communication And Labor Market Considerations
She added that a steady job market provides scope to tackle inflation, and argued the central bank has a duty to clarify decisions and its reaction function so businesses and households can plan.
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